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China Forged Part Manufacturer Custom CNC Machining Alloy Steel Hot Forging Machine Parts for Construction Agricultural Machinery agricultural sprayer parts

Product Description

 

Product Description

Basic information:

Model no customized Color as your demand
Blank Process china manufacturing steel forging Forging tolorance according to drawing
Machining Process CNC machining/lathing/milliing/turning/boring Machined surface quality according to your requirement
Machining Tolearnce from 0.005mm-0.01mm-0.1mm Surface treatment as your demand
Package for Steel forging Pallet or as your demand Transportation package pallets
Service for Steel forging metal parts solution as per customer's drawing Trade mark none
Certifications ISO9001,IATF16949, HS code 7257190000
origin china    

Click this link for more products: product-list-1.html

Our Advantages

  Manufacturing capability covers the whole production process of forged parts, from mold design and manufacturing, forging, secondary processing, heat treatment, surface treatment to finishing, to provide customers with ready to use products and services.

 

Company Profile

  1. ISO16949 Quality Management System Certification Factory.
  2. We use advanced computer and technology (CAD) to design in manufacturing and mold manufacturing.
  3. Our 8000 ton JTLY hydraulic forging machine, with a cold impact force of 1600 tons, is a super large forging machine in China. Its main products are large axial precision forging and 100kg to 300kg, with an annual output of 30000 pieces.
  4. Our 2500 ton electric forging production line mainly produces 15kg to 30kg precision forging parts, with an annual output of more than 50000 pieces.
  5. Our company has a variety of processing equipment, can make their own molds and processing.
  6. Our company is equipped with a full set of heat treatment lines to ensure that your product quality is within our control.

Quality control: Strictly enforce the spirit of quality supreme excellence; fully implement ISO / 9001 quality management system; carry out incoming inspection of raw materials, production process control and product quality inspection
physical and chemical laboratory:It can realize tensile impact test, chemical composition test, metallographic structure, hardness and other tests at normal and low temperatures.

Certifications

Cooperative Partner

Exhibitions&Customers

Stock&Packing

FAQ

1:Are you a genuine manufacturer?
Yes, all products showed in our website are produced in our  certified factory; We are also a company registered by China Customs with the right to export and import.  

2: I want to keep our design in confidence; can we sign NDA?
Sure, to protect customers' profit is our obligatory responsibility, signed NDA would be valid to both of us.. 

3:What should I offer to get your quotation?
Please offer us your detailed information for the product, such as drawings with 2D/3D by software Pro/E, Auto CAD, SolidWorks, UG etc; as well as materials, surface treatment, quantity, package. Any special requirements should be highlighted especially for tolerance.  

4:How long is the manufacturing lead time?
Mass Production:30-45 working days after sample approval by yours.The lead time is the general production period without the transportation time.
We could make some special production arrangement effectively if customer has urgent need.

5:How long does it take to ship goods from China by sea?
It takes about 5 weeks to European ports plus 1 week customs clearance, so you can get the container within 6 to 7 weeks.It takes about 2 weeks to east coast and 3 weeks to west coast US ports.All sea goods are shipped from HangZhou Port.

6:How long does it take to ship goods from China by air?
It takes about 7 days to all major destinations.

7:What are the payment terms?
Payment terms are negotiable and will improve for long term customers.During the initial stages, we request 50% of tooling fee in advance with the balance payable on acceptance of samples.Production orders can be negotiable.We prefer 30% deposit and the balance by T/T before sails.But sometimes T/T15 days after sails would also acceptable.

8:New product development process
Got tooling order and sample order with 50% deposit---Hold a meeting with the relation dept.To ensure the developing schedule---Design mould, fixture and gauge and making them in our factory---mould.fixture and gauge making---producing samples---approved from customer-purchasing material-forging-heat treatment-shot blasting-machining-Inspection-package---delievery.

9:How to handle the complains?
--If happen any complaints after delivery,please just show us photos and detail compliants points, we will check with the production department and QC department Immediately and give you best solving solution which agreed by both of us.

Jackie Jiang is always at your service !

US $94.8-95.5
/ Piece
|
200 Pieces

(Min. Order)

###

Processing Object: Metal
Molding Style: Forging
Molding Technics: Pressure Casting
Application: Machinery Parts
Material: Steel
Heat Treatment: Tempering

###

Samples:
US$ 200/Piece
1 Piece(Min.Order)

|
Request Sample

###

Customization:

###

Model no customized Color as your demand
Blank Process china manufacturing steel forging Forging tolorance according to drawing
Machining Process CNC machining/lathing/milliing/turning/boring Machined surface quality according to your requirement
Machining Tolearnce from 0.005mm-0.01mm-0.1mm Surface treatment as your demand
Package for Steel forging Pallet or as your demand Transportation package pallets
Service for Steel forging metal parts solution as per customer's drawing Trade mark none
Certifications ISO9001,IATF16949, HS code 7202490000
origin china    
US $94.8-95.5
/ Piece
|
200 Pieces

(Min. Order)

###

Processing Object: Metal
Molding Style: Forging
Molding Technics: Pressure Casting
Application: Machinery Parts
Material: Steel
Heat Treatment: Tempering

###

Samples:
US$ 200/Piece
1 Piece(Min.Order)

|
Request Sample

###

Customization:

###

Model no customized Color as your demand
Blank Process china manufacturing steel forging Forging tolorance according to drawing
Machining Process CNC machining/lathing/milliing/turning/boring Machined surface quality according to your requirement
Machining Tolearnce from 0.005mm-0.01mm-0.1mm Surface treatment as your demand
Package for Steel forging Pallet or as your demand Transportation package pallets
Service for Steel forging metal parts solution as per customer's drawing Trade mark none
Certifications ISO9001,IATF16949, HS code 7202490000
origin china    

Proper Maintenance of Tractor Parts

Proper maintenance of tractor parts is a necessity if you want to keep them running smoothly. Here are some things to keep in mind:

agriculturalparts

Proper maintenance of tractor parts

To ensure that your tractor is operating at peak efficiency, you should perform preventative maintenance on its various parts. Before opening the cab of your tractor, perform a visual inspection to check for any problems. Look for leaking fluids, hoses, and cables. Tighten loose connections, and clean any debris from these components. Also check the sediment bowl under the fuel filter for any material or water. If the sediment bowl has a large amount of material, it may be time to replace the fuel filter or the air filter.

Despite the monetary cost of maintaining your tractor, a few simple things can keep your investment in top condition. For instance, lubrication can prevent corrosion and friction, while cleaning air filters can extend their useful life. The paint on your tractor should also be inspected regularly. Regular lubrication will help you avoid expensive repairs, and will also increase efficiency. Proper maintenance of tractor parts can also help you prevent heavy rust.

Checking your tractor's internal parts regularly can prevent big problems from crop failures. Lubricating internal parts helps reduce friction, and you should also replace blown or broken bulbs and exhaust fluid. Regular maintenance at tractor dealers will help prevent potential problems. A dealer will also perform tune-ups and oil changes for you, reducing the chances of unexpected issues. For those who don't have the time to perform the maintenance themselves, consider visiting a tractor dealership.

In addition to inspecting engine components, you should also regularly check your tractor's hydraulic system. Make sure that the fluids are in good condition, as rust, internal damage, and engine clogs can be caused by dirty or leaking hydraulic hoses. As with any mechanical system, the engine is the heart of a tractor, so it's vital to maintain the oil tank as often as possible. For these checks, you can use a reference to your tractor model before purchasing new parts.

To extend the life of tractor parts, owners should regularly change the oil in the engine. This is necessary to prevent wear and tear on the tractor parts. Proper oil changes also increase the resale value of the equipment and extend its performance. You can use a grease gun to freshen up the grease nipples, which prevents the rusting of moving parts. By following these tips, you can make sure that your tractor runs smoothly.

agriculturalparts

Preventative maintenance

Performing preventative maintenance on your tractor is an important way to maintain your machine and minimize the risk of unexpected breakdowns. It is an essential part of tractor ownership because regular maintenance reduces the risk of costly repairs. Before you begin a tractor maintenance program, read the manual to determine what common maintenance items are needed for the specific model. This will help you keep the parts in good shape and save you money in the long run.

Proper checkups on engine fluids, radiator fluid and transmission fluid are essential for maintaining the efficiency of your equipment. It's important to refill these tanks with clean fluids to avoid rust, internal damage, and engine clogs. The following preventative maintenance tasks are recommended by tractor manufacturers:

Check tire pressure and inflation, as well as inspect the rims and lug nuts. Then, check the axles and drive shafts to ensure they are in good condition. Replace any damaged or missing lug nuts. And lastly, check all lights. Make sure all bulbs are functioning and replaced if necessary. To prevent unnecessary breakdowns, follow these tips to maximize the performance of your tractor. You will be glad you did.

If you have a spare part, be sure to have it on hand. Having a spare part handy will make it easier to do preventative maintenance on your tractor and save you the hassle of calling a repair shop or waiting for the parts to arrive. If you're looking to get the best value for your money, proactive tractor maintenance is essential. In addition to routine inspections, remember to keep the tractor running at its peak performance level. You may want to have a checkup performed every six months or so.

Operator training is another essential preventive maintenance step. Operators must know how to perform routine maintenance tasks without fail. Operator training can be as simple as a review of the operator's manual and demonstrating how systems and controls work. Training can also involve training operators on how to use checklists to make sure that all minor maintenance steps are performed correctly. This can save you thousands of dollars in repairs. Also, by performing regular preventative maintenance, you can avoid unexpected breakdowns.

agriculturalparts

Types of filters

A tractor's air filter, for instance, should be changed on a regular basis to keep the engine performing at peak performance. The reason is that working tractors are constantly exposed to debris and other substances in the driving environment. Even show tractors should periodically check their air filters to ensure they are functioning properly. A single chunk of dust can cause problems inside the sensitive machinery. That is why it's important to replace filters at the appropriate intervals.

There are several different types of filters on a tractor. The type of filter needed depends on the original reference and the manufacturer. Listed below are some of the most common types of filters used by tractors. CZPT' website lets you choose the model of your tractor and then offers the corresponding filter made by the original manufacturer. Alternatively, you can choose an adaptable filter of equivalent quality. These filters are designed to fit various types of tractors, ranging from lawnmowers to combines.

Oil, air, and hydraulic filters are essential for tractor parts. Those with oil filters protect hydraulic components from harmful impurities. Fuel filters protect the injector pump from damage caused by debris. If your tractor doesn't have filters, you'll experience a variety of problems. You'll notice odd noises or reduced HP. Or you might smell fuel when the engine starts. If these symptoms sound familiar, it's a problem with your filters.

Tractor oil filter replaces itself every few months or so. Tractor oil coagulates over time into black globs. If not replaced, the globs clog up engine parts. Tractor oil filter acts like the kidneys and liver of the tractor, filtering brackish globs out of your engine. Like the human body, a tractor's filters have similar functions to the human body's. When they stop working properly, your tractor's engine will no longer function optimally.

China Forged Part Manufacturer Custom CNC Machining Alloy Steel Hot Forging Machine Parts for Construction Agricultural Machinery     agricultural sprayer partsChina Forged Part Manufacturer Custom CNC Machining Alloy Steel Hot Forging Machine Parts for Construction Agricultural Machinery     agricultural sprayer parts
editor by czh 2022-12-06

China Hot Manufacturing Custom Agricultural Farm Embroidery Sewing Machine Parts manufacturer

Product Description

Hot manufacturing Custom agricultural farm embroidery sewing machine parts

*How to receive an online quotation?

  1. Please send us your 3D drawing/2D drawing for us to check all dimension
  2. Specify the required material, finish, quantity information in the email, we will handle it for you once receiving it soon!

Note: Workable 3D Drawing Formats: STEP/IGS/X_T/STL/SOLIDWORKS etc, 2D Drawing with PDF will do.

*Our advantage:
1. Over 15-year CNC machining experience.
2. Small order accepted for the beginning. MOQ 10pcs~100pcs affordable.
3. Sample orders can be finished from 7 to 15 days
4. Top-quality guaranteed by skilled workers, managing system and status of facilities.
5. Our sales team is all professional and all can speak English
6. Professional quality inspection before delivery

*What we can offer:

1).Material capabilities: Alunimum 6061/stainless steel/titanium/brass/steel/alloy/copper, etc.
The material supplier we are working together is famous domestic brands  (such as PMI Press metal, Chinalco (Hengmei Aluminum) the aluminum supplier for Apple/HUAWEI/Foxconn) with more reliable quality--the standards "GB" to ensure the consistent quality! Instead, those cheap and non-standard materials that will kill our quality, double our machining work and production cost if something goes wrong, and delay the lead time & the best time of the customer to launch their product in the market, so when you choose the cheaper quotation, which takes this risk, please consider carefully 🙂

2).Quality control:
*We have specialized QC testers to check the quality of the products according to different customers' requirement. Usually, it's random inspection, and we also offer 100% inspection at a reasonable price if required.
*We have IQC to check the dimensions and surface of the incoming material
*We have PQC to inspect full-course during the manufacturing processing
*We have FQC to inspect all the anodizing/plating and other finishes' products from our supplier and proceed with the professional quality and appearance inspection before shipping.

3).Surface Finish:anodized finish/ coating/polish/ Passivation/ PVD finish/Plating/brush/heat treatment/fine glass beads/grounding/tumbled finish , etc.

4). Payment terms: T/T payment. The Sample order paid by full payment; Mass production with order amount exceeding can be paid a 50% deposit before production, and balance payment before shipping.

5).Production time: Usually it takes 5~10 working days for sample production; 15~20 working days for mass production days, it depends on your design, simple parts can be produced quickly, the complicated design parts would take us more machining time.

6).Machining capability: 30 sets of the most technologically advanced machining CNC milling machines, 20 sets of CNC turning machines, 25 sets of Multi-Spindle Japan Precision Swiss CNC lathes, and 4 sets of 2D &3D CMM (image measuring instrument) quality control equipment 3 QC staff, enabling CNC Manufacturing to deliver precise parts within the tightest of tolerances, ensuring the highest quality results to meet different customers' requirements.

7). Tolerance: +/- 0.02mm (for Metal shaft), +/-0.03mm ( for plastic), for special tolerance requirements, please point them out in the email, we will check if it's feasible to make it after studying it.

8).Shipping way:
1) 0-100kg: express&air freight priority,
2) >100kg: sea freight priority,
3) As per customized specifications

9). Packing & Delivery:

1.Packing Detail: Each product packed with plastic preservative, EPE, foam plastic bag, Carton outside, wood case or iron case or as per the customer's special requirement. Besides, the custom package takes a week to prepare in advance.

2.Delivery Detail: the fast International Shipping time takes 3 ~5 working days by DHL/UPS/FedEx, slow shipping time takes 7~ 8 working days by DHL/UPS/FedEx/TNT, etc.

*What the customers comments:

Remark: The products and pictures showed above are only to present the scope of our manufacturing types. We're happy to evaluate if we could custom the parts according to your drawings or samples after receiving them.

Send us an email now if any inquiry!

 

After-sales Service: Email Us Anytime If Any Problems
Warranty: Email Us Anytime If Any Requirements
Condition: New
Certification: CE, RoHS, GS, ISO9001
Standard: DIN, CE, RoHS, GS, ISO9001, GB, En, API650, China GB Code, JIS Code, Tema, ASME, Custom Machining
Customized: Customized

###

Samples:
US$ 200/Piece
1 Piece(Min.Order)

|
Request Sample

###

Customization:
After-sales Service: Email Us Anytime If Any Problems
Warranty: Email Us Anytime If Any Requirements
Condition: New
Certification: CE, RoHS, GS, ISO9001
Standard: DIN, CE, RoHS, GS, ISO9001, GB, En, API650, China GB Code, JIS Code, Tema, ASME, Custom Machining
Customized: Customized

###

Samples:
US$ 200/Piece
1 Piece(Min.Order)

|
Request Sample

###

Customization:

Types of Ball Bearings

In their most basic form, Ball Bearings have one common feature - they are made of steel. The majority of these bearings are made of 52100 steel, which has one percent chromium and one percent carbon. The steel can be hardened by heat trea
tment. 440C stainless steel is used for rusting problems. A cage around the ball balls is traditionally made from thin steel. However, some bearings use molded plastic cages to save money and friction.
bearing

Single-row designs

Steel linear translation stages often use single-row designs for ball bearings. These types of bearings provide smooth linear travel and can withstand high loads. The material steel has a high modulus of elasticity and a high stiffness, as well as a lower thermal expansion than aluminum. For these reasons, steel is the material of choice for a ball bearing in a typical user environment. Single-row designs for ball bearings are also suitable for applications in humid or corrosive environments.
Single-row designs for ball bearings are available in a variety of sizes and are axially adjustable. They have a high radial capacity, but require relatively little space. Single-row deep groove ball bearings with snap rings are STN 02 4605 or R47, respectively. Bearings with snap rings are identified by a suffix such as NR. They may not have seals or shields installed.
These single-row angular contact ball bearings are capable of supporting axial and radial loads. In a two-raceway arrangement, the radial load on bearing A causes a radial load to act on bearing B. Both axial and radial forces are transmitted between single-row angular contact ball bearings, and the resulting internal force must be taken into account to calculate equivalent dynamic bearing loads P.
Single-row deep groove ball bearings are the most common type of ball bearings. These bearings are designed with only one row of rolling elements. The single-row design is simple and durable, which makes it ideal for high-speed applications. Single-row designs for ball bearings are also available in various bore sizes. They can also come in a variety of shapes and are non-separable. If you need a high-speed bearing, you may want to opt for a double-row design.
In addition to single-row designs for ball bearings, you can choose ceramic or steel ball bearings. Ceramic balls are considerably harder than steel balls, but they are not as hard as steel. Hence, ceramic bearings are stiffer than steel ball bearings, resulting in increased stress on the outer race groove and lower load capacity. This is a great benefit for those who need the bearings to be lightweight and strong.
The difference between single-row and double-row designs is in the way that the inner and outer ring are installed. A single-row design places the inner ring in an eccentric position relative to the outer ring. The two rings are in contact at one point, which causes a large gap in the bearing. The balls are then inserted through the gap. As a result, the balls are evenly distributed throughout the bearing, which forces the inner and outer rings to become concentric.
Deep-groove ball bearings are one of the most popular types of ball bearings. They are available in different designs, including snap-ring, seal and shield arrangements. The race diameter of a deep-groove ball bearing is close to the ball's diameter. These types of bearings are suited for heavy loads, and their axial and radial support are excellent. Their main drawback is that the contact angle cannot be adjusted to accommodate a wide range of relative loads.
bearing

Ceramic hybrid ball bearings

Hybrid ball bearings with ceramic balls have numerous advantages. They feature improved kinematic behavior and require less lubrication. Consequently, they can reduce operating costs. Additionally, their low thermal expansion coefficient allows for smaller changes in contact angle and preload variations, and they can retain tolerances. Furthermore, ceramic hybrid ball bearings have significantly increased life spans compared to conventional steel-steel ball bearings, with up to 10 times the lifespan.
Although ceramic bearings can be used in automotive applications, many people believe that they're a poor choice for bicycle hubs. They don't reduce weight and only work well in high-rpm environments. As a result, many cyclists don't even bother with ceramic-based bearings. However, both Paul Lew and Alan are of the opinion that ceramic bearings are best suited for industrial or medical equipment applications. Furthermore, Paul and Alan believe that they are ideal for high-altitude drone motors.
Another advantage of ceramic hybrid ball bearings is that they use less friction than conventional steel-based balls. They are also more durable, requiring less lubrication than steel-based bearings. Furthermore, the lower friction and rolling resistance associated with ceramic-based ball bearings means that they can last ten times longer than steel-based bearings. A ceramic-based hybrid ball bearing can be used for applications where speed and lubrication are critical.
Ceramic hybrid ball bearings feature both steel and silicon nitride balls. Silicon nitride balls have 50% more modulus of elasticity than steel balls and can improve accuracy and precision. Ceramic balls also have a smoother surface finish than steel balls, which reduces vibration and spindle deflection. These benefits result in increased speed and improved production quality. In addition to this, ceramic balls can also reduce the operating temperature, enhancing the work environment.
Hybrid bearings are a popular alternative to steel bearings. They have some benefits over traditional steel bearings, and are becoming a popular choice for engineered applications. Hybrid bearings are ideal for high speed machines. The material used to manufacture ceramic balls is a high-quality alloy, and is comparatively inexpensive. But you must understand that lubrication is still necessary for hybrid bearings. If you are not careful, you may end up wasting money.
These ball bearings can be used in many industries and applications, and they are widely compatible with most metals. The main advantage of hybrid ball bearings is that they are very durable. While steel balls tend to corrode and wear out, ceramic ball bearings can withstand these conditions while minimizing maintenance and replacement costs. The benefits of hybrid ball bearings are clear. So, consider switching to these newer types of ball bearings.
bearing

Self-aligning ball bearings

Self-aligning ball bearings are a good choice for many applications. They are a great alternative to traditional ball bearings, and they are ideal for rotating applications in which the shaft must move in several directions. They are also ideal for use in rotating parts where a tight tolerance is necessary. You can choose between two types: plain and flex shaft. Read on to find out which one will suit your needs.
Self-aligning ball bearings are designed with a higher axial load carrying capacity than single-row radial deep groove ball bearings. The amount of axial load carrying capacity is dependent upon the pressure angle. These bearings have a hollow raceway in the outer ring that allows the inner ring to pivot without friction. They are often used for high-speed applications. Because of their design, they are highly accurate.
Self-aligning ball bearings are radial bearings that feature two rows of balls in a spherical outer ring. They also feature two deep uninterrupted raceway grooves in the inner ring. Their unique features make them an excellent choice for applications where shaft deflection is a significant factor. Despite their small size, they have a high level of precision and can withstand heavy loads.
Self-aligning ball bearings can compensate for misalignment in shaft applications. The inner ring and ball assembly are positioned inside an outer ring containing a curved raceway. This spherical design allows the balls and cage to deflect and re-align around the bearing center. These bearings are also ideal for applications where shaft deflection is significant, such as in simple woodworking machinery.
Another type of self-aligning ball bearing uses a common concave outer race. Both balls and outer races automatically compensate for angular misalignment caused by machining, assembly, and deflections. Compared to spherical rollers, they have lower frictional losses than their spherical counterparts. Self-alignment ball bearings also have lower vibration levels compared to other types of bearings.
Self-aligning ball bearings operate in misaligned applications because their spherical outer raceway can accommodate misalignment. This design allows them to work in applications where shaft deflection or housing deformation is common. They are therefore more suitable for low to medium-sized loads. The only real drawback to self-aligning ball bearings is their price. If you need to purchase a self-aligning ball bearing for your next project, you can expect to pay around $1500.

China Hot Manufacturing Custom Agricultural Farm Embroidery Sewing Machine Parts     manufacturer China Hot Manufacturing Custom Agricultural Farm Embroidery Sewing Machine Parts     manufacturer
editor by czh 2022-11-27

China Custom Hydraulic Offset Side Shift Obstacle Avoidance Mower Hydraulic Hedgerow Machine near me factory

Product Description

Hydraulic Offset Mower Tractor Mounted Gardening Hedgerow Brush Cutter
This machine with adjustable offset, for working on grass, leaves, vine and olive remains, suitable for mowing grass and above all shredding twigs and pruning residue, thanks to the robust structure and equipment. The machine can be moved sideways with a mechanical or hydraulic system (optional). Robust structure suitable for professional use.
 

Model AGL-105 AGL-125 AGL-135 AGL-150 AGL-165 AGL-180
Dimension(mm) 1250×855x805 1450×810x815 1550×810x815 1700×810x815 1850×810x815 2000x810x815
Weight(Kg) 195 KG 230KG 250KG 280KG 310KG 340KG
Cutting Width 1050mm 1250mm 1350mm 1500mm 1650mm 1800mm
PTO Input Speed 540r/min 540r/min 540r/min 540r/min 540r/min 540r/min
Number of hammers 20 24 28 28 32 36
Number of Y sharp blades 40 48 56 56 64 72
Power Required 25-35HP 30-40HP 30-40HP 35-45HP 40-50HP 40-55HP

 

FAQ:
Q: Are you trading company or manufacturer ?
A: We are manufacturer.
Q: How long is your delivery time?
A: Generally it is 1-3 days if the goods are in stock. or it is 7-15 days if the goods are not in stock, it is according to quantity.
Q: Do you provide samples ? Is it free or extra ?
A: For the machine spare parts we can offer the sample for free charge but do not pay the cost of freight.
    For the whole machines we can accept to order 1 piece as the sample, price acoording to the actual cost. 
Q: What is your terms of payment ?
A: Payment=3000USD, 30% T/T in advance and balance before shippment.

If you have another question, pls feel free to contact us as below:

Contact: Wendy
 

Web:
 HangZhou CZPT Machinery Co.,Ltd.
 HangZhou City,ZheJiang Province, China

Stiffness and Torsional Vibration of Spline-Couplings

In this paper, we describe some basic characteristics of spline-coupling and examine its torsional vibration behavior. We also explore the effect of spline misalignment on rotor-spline coupling. These results will assist in the design of improved spline-coupling systems for various applications. The results are presented in Table 1.
splineshaft

Stiffness of spline-coupling

The stiffness of a spline-coupling is a function of the meshing force between the splines in a rotor-spline coupling system and the static vibration displacement. The meshing force depends on the coupling parameters such as the transmitting torque and the spline thickness. It increases nonlinearly with the spline thickness.
A simplified spline-coupling model can be used to evaluate the load distribution of splines under vibration and transient loads. The axle spline sleeve is displaced a z-direction and a resistance moment T is applied to the outer face of the sleeve. This simple model can satisfy a wide range of engineering requirements but may suffer from complex loading conditions. Its asymmetric clearance may affect its engagement behavior and stress distribution patterns.
The results of the simulations show that the maximum vibration acceleration in both Figures 10 and 22 was 3.03 g/s. This results indicate that a misalignment in the circumferential direction increases the instantaneous impact. Asymmetry in the coupling geometry is also found in the meshing. The right-side spline's teeth mesh tightly while those on the left side are misaligned.
Considering the spline-coupling geometry, a semi-analytical model is used to compute stiffness. This model is a simplified form of a classical spline-coupling model, with submatrices defining the shape and stiffness of the joint. As the design clearance is a known value, the stiffness of a spline-coupling system can be analyzed using the same formula.
The results of the simulations also show that the spline-coupling system can be modeled using MASTA, a high-level commercial CAE tool for transmission analysis. In this case, the spline segments were modeled as a series of spline segments with variable stiffness, which was calculated based on the initial gap between spline teeth. Then, the spline segments were modelled as a series of splines of increasing stiffness, accounting for different manufacturing variations. The resulting analysis of the spline-coupling geometry is compared to those of the finite-element approach.
Despite the high stiffness of a spline-coupling system, the contact status of the contact surfaces often changes. In addition, spline coupling affects the lateral vibration and deformation of the rotor. However, stiffness nonlinearity is not well studied in splined rotors because of the lack of a fully analytical model.
splineshaft

Characteristics of spline-coupling

The study of spline-coupling involves a number of design factors. These include weight, materials, and performance requirements. Weight is particularly important in the aeronautics field. Weight is often an issue for design engineers because materials have varying dimensional stability, weight, and durability. Additionally, space constraints and other configuration restrictions may require the use of spline-couplings in certain applications.
The main parameters to consider for any spline-coupling design are the maximum principal stress, the maldistribution factor, and the maximum tooth-bearing stress. The magnitude of each of these parameters must be smaller than or equal to the external spline diameter, in order to provide stability. The outer diameter of the spline must be at least 4 inches larger than the inner diameter of the spline.
Once the physical design is validated, the spline coupling knowledge base is created. This model is pre-programmed and stores the design parameter signals, including performance and manufacturing constraints. It then compares the parameter values to the design rule signals, and constructs a geometric representation of the spline coupling. A visual model is created from the input signals, and can be manipulated by changing different parameters and specifications.
The stiffness of a spline joint is another important parameter for determining the spline-coupling stiffness. The stiffness distribution of the spline joint affects the rotor's lateral vibration and deformation. A finite element method is a useful technique for obtaining lateral stiffness of spline joints. This method involves many mesh refinements and requires a high computational cost.
The diameter of the spline-coupling must be large enough to transmit the torque. A spline with a larger diameter may have greater torque-transmitting capacity because it has a smaller circumference. However, the larger diameter of a spline is thinner than the shaft, and the latter may be more suitable if the torque is spread over a greater number of teeth.
Spline-couplings are classified according to their tooth profile along the axial and radial directions. The radial and axial tooth profiles affect the component's behavior and wear damage. Splines with a crowned tooth profile are prone to angular misalignment. Typically, these spline-couplings are oversized to ensure durability and safety.

Stiffness of spline-coupling in torsional vibration analysis

This article presents a general framework for the study of torsional vibration caused by the stiffness of spline-couplings in aero-engines. It is based on a previous study on spline-couplings. It is characterized by the following 3 factors: bending stiffness, total flexibility, and tangential stiffness. The first criterion is the equivalent diameter of external and internal splines. Both the spline-coupling stiffness and the displacement of splines are evaluated by using the derivative of the total flexibility.
The stiffness of a spline joint can vary based on the distribution of load along the spline. Variables affecting the stiffness of spline joints include the torque level, tooth indexing errors, and misalignment. To explore the effects of these variables, an analytical formula is developed. The method is applicable for various kinds of spline joints, such as splines with multiple components.
Despite the difficulty of calculating spline-coupling stiffness, it is possible to model the contact between the teeth of the shaft and the hub using an analytical approach. This approach helps in determining key magnitudes of coupling operation such as contact peak pressures, reaction moments, and angular momentum. This approach allows for accurate results for spline-couplings and is suitable for both torsional vibration and structural vibration analysis.
The stiffness of spline-coupling is commonly assumed to be rigid in dynamic models. However, various dynamic phenomena associated with spline joints must be captured in high-fidelity drivetrain models. To accomplish this, a general analytical stiffness formulation is proposed based on a semi-analytical spline load distribution model. The resulting stiffness matrix contains radial and tilting stiffness values as well as torsional stiffness. The analysis is further simplified with the blockwise inversion method.
It is essential to consider the torsional vibration of a power transmission system before selecting the coupling. An accurate analysis of torsional vibration is crucial for coupling safety. This article also discusses case studies of spline shaft wear and torsionally-induced failures. The discussion will conclude with the development of a robust and efficient method to simulate these problems in real-life scenarios.
splineshaft

Effect of spline misalignment on rotor-spline coupling

In this study, the effect of spline misalignment in rotor-spline coupling is investigated. The stability boundary and mechanism of rotor instability are analyzed. We find that the meshing force of a misaligned spline coupling increases nonlinearly with spline thickness. The results demonstrate that the misalignment is responsible for the instability of the rotor-spline coupling system.
An intentional spline misalignment is introduced to achieve an interference fit and zero backlash condition. This leads to uneven load distribution among the spline teeth. A further spline misalignment of 50um can result in rotor-spline coupling failure. The maximum tensile root stress shifted to the left under this condition.
Positive spline misalignment increases the gear mesh misalignment. Conversely, negative spline misalignment has no effect. The right-handed spline misalignment is opposite to the helix hand. The high contact area is moved from the center to the left side. In both cases, gear mesh is misaligned due to deflection and tilting of the gear under load.
This variation of the tooth surface is measured as the change in clearance in the transverse plain. The radial and axial clearance values are the same, while the difference between the 2 is less. In addition to the frictional force, the axial clearance of the splines is the same, which increases the gear mesh misalignment. Hence, the same procedure can be used to determine the frictional force of a rotor-spline coupling.
Gear mesh misalignment influences spline-rotor coupling performance. This misalignment changes the distribution of the gear mesh and alters contact and bending stresses. Therefore, it is essential to understand the effects of misalignment in spline couplings. Using a simplified system of helical gear pair, Hong et al. examined the load distribution along the tooth interface of the spline. This misalignment caused the flank contact pattern to change. The misaligned teeth exhibited deflection under load and developed a tilting moment on the gear.
The effect of spline misalignment in rotor-spline couplings is minimized by using a mechanism that reduces backlash. The mechanism comprises cooperably splined male and female members. One member is formed by 2 coaxially aligned splined segments with end surfaces shaped to engage in sliding relationship. The connecting device applies axial loads to these segments, causing them to rotate relative to 1 another.

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